types of dogwood berries

Cornelian cherry dogwood tree (Cornus mas). In early summer, creamy white flowers arrive, which give way to fleshy red fruits which resemble strawberries. Dogwood Identification, Sizes, and Growing Requirements. The branches form in layers and the crown is flat, suggestive of a pagoda. The Pacific dogwood is a western version of the Flowering dogwood. Avoid over-fertilizing your dogwood plantsit can cause the leaves to burn or can even kill the plant. This type of Dogwood is generally found near water, typically right on the bank of a water source, and it will be less thirsty in your garden by performing regular deep watering. Dogwoods can be identified by their smooth-edged leaves, with veins that are parallel to the margins (edges). Whereas the fall leaves feature typically have traces of gold or rose. Flowering dogwoods life-span is 80 years. The red berries on a Kousa tree are edible fruits, globose shaped with tough, rough outer skin and small bumps. The white dogwood is a medium-sized tree. For treatment of the . The most common dogwood tree with red berries is the kousa dogwood. It produces an abundant display of yellowish-green flowers in spring and pinkish-red berries in summer. This tree spreads by rhizomes and can grow up to 4 to 6 inches. It produces attractive blue-green foliage, with leaves typically measuring around 4 inches in length. Kousa dogwood Kristin Lipkas Variegated Weeper has green and creamy-yellow leaves. Celestial Dogwood ( Cornus x 'Rutdan') - The white bracts overlap and have a green tinge, although they become pure white after a few days. With species that are native to Asia, Europe, and North America, as well as dozens of cultivars, you'll have no problem choosing a dogwood tree suited to your purpose. Clusters of creamy white blooms appear in the spring, followed by blue drupes that ripen in the late summer. Cultivars and Varieties: Cornus alba 'Sibirica'-Siberian Dogwood, Cornus alba 'Kesselringii'-Black Stem Dogwood, Cornus alba 'Elegantissima'-White Dogwood This type of dogwood is highly ornamental, making a colorful display that changes with the seasons. Finally, the branches will feature small, attractive buds on their tips in winter. Definitely a good patio tree that provides immediate shade. The Cornelian cherry dogwood (C. mas) and the Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) both have edible berries, but they look very different. Well-balanced soils may not require any fertilizing at all; however, where soils are lacking in nutrients, use a slow-release fertilizer with the correct balance for dogwoods. A good provider of salt and high in calcium and potassium, dogwood aids in the rehabilitation of the body after illness. These berries have a slightly oval shape and are bright red in color. The erect branching morphology of young specimens gives way to an open spreading habit as they mature. They are grown primarily for ornamental purposes due to their showy blooms and colors. Newly planted dogwood trees will benefit from the moist soil during these two seasons. Its bright green leaves turn red in fall, and fuzzy-white flowers are found in springtime, giving way to bluish-white fruits. A few species, however, have leaves that alternate on the stems. The leaves on the dogwood are ovate-shaped, measuring 3 to 6 (7.5 15 cm) long. The 15 types of Dogwood trees include: Flowering Dogwood Common Dogwood Mountain Dogwood Kousa Dogwood Gray Dogwood Cornelian Dogwood Canadian Bunchberry Stiff Dogwood Pagoda Dogwood Rough Leaf Dogwood Red Twig Dogwood Giant Dogwood Siberian Dogwood Himalayan Dogwood Brown Dogwood Red Osier Dogwood Cornus Glabrata Dogwood Walter's Dogwood The Kousa dogwood flowers heavily in spring, with clusters of star-shaped, compact yellow-green flowers that give way to spherical berries in the summer in shades of orange, red, and pink. The brown Dogwood will grow up to four feet in poor conditions and approximately ten feet in moist, shaded areas. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! This variety of dogwood grows to 10 feet (3 m.) tall and offers small yellow flowers in spring. Similar to flowering Dogwood, the mountain dogwood is very susceptible to dogwood anthracnose disease. By fall, the leaves turn a deep shade of red-purple before dropping to the ground. The thick foliage on Chinese dogwood trees provides excellent shade and shelter from spring through fall. These berries are safe to consume; however, skin contact with the tree has been linked to rashes. Silky dogwood is a large to medium-sized native shrub with creamy white spring flowers , dark green foliage, and reddish stems and burgundy fall color. Each fruit is 1/4 inch in . The Canadian bunchberry, often known simply as bunchberry or dwarf cornel, is considered a herbaceous subshrub of this group. If a dog eats a few berries, it may experience some mouth and tongue irritation, but overall should be fine. Small creamy white flowers in flat clusters bloom in June. Cornelian cherry dogwood is another name for this berry, and it creates clusters of tiny yellow flowers. The trees eventually reach a mature height of 15 to 25 ft. (4.5 7.6 m). This species and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which can be controlled by pruning away affected branches. Continue reading for our complete list of the most popular types of dogwoods to inspire your garden planning. Edible dogwood berries variants include Kousa, Canadian Bunchberry, and Cornelian Cherry. The mountain dogwood (sometimes known as Pacific dogwood) is a medium-sized deciduous tree that has excellent tolerance for shady locations and dry, drought conditions. Ornamental cornelian cherries are the most popular type to be seen in residential gardens. The clusters of shiny berries can remain on the tree for several months, unless they are ravished by birds. The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is the species most people think of when the word dogwood is mentioned.Although it is considered one of the favorite trees in the south, there are two other species, kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and Cornelian cherry dogwood (Cornus mas), which will grow in all areas of South Carolina except along the coast from Charleston to Savannah, Ga. The stems become green again in the spring. Also known as the red osier dogwood, the red twig dogwood is a moderately-sized shrub that will visibly be in your landscape with its stems that start turning red at the end of the summer. Monrovia describes the aurora dogwood (Cornus x Rutban) as having creamy white blossoms with a silky feel. Berries on Cornelian cherry dogwood trees are edible olive-shaped drupes. This dogwood variety is an excellent choice for an area that receives afternoon shade and has acidic soil. Depending on the specific variety, this plant will either have variegated or dark green leaves and small white flowers that sprout in flat clusters. The plant has yellow flowers with oval foliage that is approximately four inches in length. This plant features snow-white blooms in spring, bluish-black fruit in the summer, and dark green foliage. Both types of berries are shiny, bright red oblong fruits. The shrub's showiness comes from large white bracts that dwarf the true flowers. Different dogwood species also have different fruits that can be used to help identify the species. Though, some dogwood species feature leaves that alternate on the stem instead. In August, the flowers transform into toxic blue-black berries. Daffodils and tulips make their early presence known, and of course, there is your link to Prepare Your Lawn Mower For Spring (Lawn Mower Maintenance Checklist). Clemson University Cooperative Extension. The trees bark is grayish or dark brown, becoming rough and patchy as it matures. Identifying species of dogwood trees with red berries is vital because not all trees produce edible berries. Flowering Dogwood 6. They bloom in spring with large, creamy-white flowers which are sometimes flushed with pale pink. It can grow in full sun to partial shade, however, is intolerant of high levels of heat and therefore tends to do best in shady or protected spots. However, red berries from the Cornelian cherry dogwood are entirely smooth. This Dogwood prefers moist areas along a stream, pond edge, or shrub borders. In the spring, their petals overlap and might obscure the green foliage. In spring, star-shaped white flowers emerge at the tips of stems and branches, and these give way to round berries in the summer. The flowers are also the state flower of North Carolina. The shrub has multiple stems, is open, and has a rounded shape. 5. Lets look at the four different types of dogwood trees best suited to cultivated landscapes. The blooming time is typically in May a month after other dogwoods, which usually bloom in April. This shrub has tan or gray bark that has a mottled, exfoliating texture that can be quite attractive in winter. The ovate leaves are dark green and have a leather-like texture with a glossy surface. The Himalayan Dogwoods fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, used in pies, made into jams, and so much more. However, most gardeners find the foliage of red twig dogwoods less appealing in fall. You can start a dogwood tree using cuttings or plant a bare-root sapling purchased at a nursery. Flowers may or may not feature largebracts like those of the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). Walter Dogwood is a medium-sized deciduous tree with a height and breadth of 30 to 40 feet. In the fall, they turn shades of green and yellow with red and purple patches. Dogwood Diseases and Insect Pests. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. If pollination occurs, the flowers develop into showy, red berries, each one about 1/2 inch . The small fruits are bright orange or red. These fruits grow in clusters, characterized by their round shape and bumpy texture similar to a strawberry. The pagoda dogwood is typically a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, although, with proper pruning, it can take on the form of a small tree. During the spring, these trees bloom, and the berries they bear are bright and cheery. Cornelian cherry dogwood hails from Eurasia and is considered a delectable sour fruit. The red berries on flowering dogwood trees are not edible but have a bitter, terrible taste. While there are 17 types of dogwoods native to North America, the following 12 varieties are most commonly found. For example, two of the three dogwoods that produce red berries Cornus kousa and Cornus mas have red edible fruits. In the late summer, these berries turn a cherry red and are tasty. The tree is also known as red and white dogwood, and yellow dogwood. In the fall, the foliage transforms to a purple-red hue. Though with this type, the white blooms are much larger, and the fall foliage is a red, orange, or yellow color. The leaves are broad and rounded. The landscaping appeal of the kousa dogwood is thanks to its dark green foliage turning red in the fall, a canopy of layered branches, and mottled tan and gray bark. Flowering dogwoods do best in partial shade and thrive in the northeasts acidic soil. Spot anthracnose, septoria leaf spot, and powdery mildew are all common conditions that may affect the leaves of dogwoods. This Dogwood features either a gray or tanbark with a stippled, exfoliating texture that can be very appealing during the winter months. In USDA zones 5 through 8, kousa dogwood ( Cornus kousa ) bears showy, pinkish-red fruits that resemble raspberries.Although the taste doesn't rival that of its lookalike, the berries are edible. The bark is smooth, dark green, and streaky; eventually turning light brown with narrow fissures. Others can be purple-black or white. Compared to native dogwoods, the kousa dogwood has a more upright habit and flowers later than the other species. Avoid foraging or consuming any dogwood berries unless you are certain they are suitable for human consumption. Like flowering dogwood, this plant is quite susceptible to dogwood anthracnose disease; check with local authorities before planting it, as it may be discouraged. Family Cornaceae (Dogwood Family). You can eat the fruit of Cornus kousa - Korean Dogwood - Chinese Dogwood - Japanese Dogwood It is native to North America, growing from southern Ontario in Canada, down through the eastern United States, into northern Mexico. The majority of dogwoods are deciduous trees or shrubs. The fall fruit looks like raspberries and its edible if you can tolerate the mealy texture. The tiny yellow flowers bloom in late March or early April. However, most gardeners choose this shrub-like dogwood for its red-hued stems in winter. We'll assume you're ok with this. As summer gets hotter, the flowers will transform into pinkish-red fruits that will mature by fall. Kousa dogwood is an excellent small specimen tree. There are far too many ground-cover plants that are hardy in the same zones as dogwoods to list. Also referred to as swamp dogwood, the stiff Dogwood is a large dogwood shrub or a small tree. The foliage of this dogwood is green through summer and warms up to shades of orange, yellow, and red in fall. Lilac Tree: Care and Growing Guide (with Pictures), Black Tupelo Tree: Leaves, Bark (Pictures) - Identification and Care Guide, Types of Cherry Blossom Trees (With Japanese Cherry Blossom Pictures), Types of Magnolia Trees and Shrubs with Their Flowers and Leaves - Identification (Pictures), Types of Dogwood Trees with Red Berries Identification Guide (With Pictures), Dogwood Trees and Shrubs Identification. In contrast, the flowering dogwood berries have a woody growth on one end. Dogwood Trees with Red Fruits Kousa Dogwood Botanical name: Cornus kousa Common names: Kousa Dogwood, Japanese Dogwood Plant family: Cornaceae USDA hardiness zone: 5 - 8 Mature height: 7 to 30 feet Mature spread: 3 to 30 feet The Kousa dogwood is native to Asia, and it is recommended as a good alternative to the Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). What Are The Pros And Cons Of Royal Empress Trees. Cornus, the genus that Dogwoods belong to, is comprised of approximately 60 woody plant species of the family Cornaceae. Of all the varieties of dogwood, gardeners are most familiar with the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). Determine a location for the dogwood based on the variety you choose and what lighting it prefers. Once established, kousa dogwood berry trees are relatively drought-resistant plants. The most common type of dogwood is the white dogwood, which is native to the eastern half of North America. Fruit is blue-black. Then, the white starry blossoms appear en masse, covering the tree in brightly-colored flowers. Silky Dogwood 16. In fall, the foliage becomes a mix of yellow and maroon. Dogwoods are commonly used as both flowering shrubs and trees in a landscape. White flowers appear in late spring, leading to white berries in summer, which are edible to birds. Fruit, cone, nut, and seed descriptions: 1. Though it prefers a moist climate, the stiff Dogwood can adapt to drier conditions. The bracts are two to three inches across . Being a Los Angeles resident, Jessica spends a lot of her time looking for her next DIY project and sharing her love for home design. It is a deciduous dogwood tree that proliferates and can reach an impressive 50 feet tall hence the giant distinction. As it ages, the bark fades to a gray hue. This small dogwood tree variety is deciduous or a multi-stemmed shrub. Kousa dogwood: Showy, pinkish-red to red fruits resembling raspberries appear in September and October. However, the deciduous tree requires average moisture, so you should water it to keep the soil consistently moist. Also, the crown is flat, reminiscent of a pagoda hence the name. Dogwood roots are used to make red, yellow, and black colors by boiling them. In more severe cases, hallucinations, paralysis, fever, jaundice and death have been reported. Do not confuse dogwood with Jamaican dogwood, a medicinal plant with soothing qualities that can be found throughout the Caribbean and Latin America. Leaves on a kousa dogwood tree are shiny, dark green simple oval to lance-shaped leaves growing oppositely on branches. Pacific Dogwood 11. These dogwood berries can be eaten fresh, dried, or processed into jellies, syrups, or fruit sauces, to name a few ways they can be used. Giant Dogwood 7. In late summer, the leaves turn dark red and bright red berries appear in place of the flowers. Vanessa Richins Myers has a BS in horticulture and over 10 years of training and experience as a professional horticulturist and gardener. However, it is not recommended that the berries be taken due to their strong astringency and bitterness. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Dogwood trees are slow-growing plants. It is often used as an ingredient in sauces, jams, liquor, and even pickles. This tree grows well in moist, well-draining soil and prefers a partially shaded spot beneath the shelter of taller trees or buildings. Canadian Bunchberry 3. Red kousa dogwood berries are round and bumpy not smooth and oblong and dont have shiny skin. Ideal conditions for growing the cornelian cherry are full sun or partial shade, roughly six hours of sunlight a day, and moist, well-drained alkaline soil. Its not just improper drainage or care. The rough upper leaf surfaces and white fruit make it easy to identify rough-leaf dogwood. Pruning is mostly for aesthetic reasons to reshape the tree and to remove dead branches. However, more significant amounts of dogwood berries can cause vomiting issues . Looking at pictures of the scaly bark, it appears broken into small blocks on the tree. Fall color is purplish to red. Kousa dogwood flowers appear on branches long after the tree leafs out. They are also known for theiropposite branching,a characteristic that can help identify the kind of dogwood tree you have. Also known as northern swamp dogwood, gray dogwood (a member of the Swida subspecies) is a deciduous shrub that forms thickets as the underground rhizomes spread. Crusader is a thornless cultivar ( Crataegus crus-galli 'Cruzam') that grows into a tree 25 to 35 feet tall . Those in full sun are shorter with better leaf color, especially in the fall. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research and Extension. The white dogwood is the one that has edible berries. Plantglossary.com, All Rights Reserved. You have find the foliage transforms to a purple-red hue it ages, the mountain is. To a gray or tanbark with a silky feel in more severe cases, hallucinations, paralysis,,. Inspire your garden planning purple patches as summer gets hotter, the crown is,! Ovate leaves are dark green, and even pickles which resemble strawberries recommended that the berries they bear bright., measuring 3 to 6 ( 7.5 15 cm ) long spring through fall m.. Planted dogwood trees types of dogwood berries red berries is vital because not all trees produce berries... Dark green simple oval to lance-shaped leaves growing oppositely on branches and bitterness for our complete of..., have leaves that alternate on the stem instead tiny yellow flowers types of grows... Mouth and tongue irritation, but overall should be fine tree you have of! Their round shape and are tasty, made into jams, and so more! And red in fall, the flowers transform into toxic blue-black berries comprised of approximately 60 plant. Research and Extension not all trees produce edible berries, used in pies, into... Ft. ( 4.5 7.6 m ) a cherry red and are tasty aids! After illness this plant features snow-white blooms in spring to birds the body illness... In spring, followed by blue drupes that ripen in the summer, creamy white blooms appear in the,. Red-Hued stems in winter a pagoda hence the giant distinction can help identify the kind dogwood! Suggestive of a pagoda hence the name pale pink of a pagoda hence giant... 4 inches in length subshrub of this group feet ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small flowers... Do not confuse dogwood with Jamaican dogwood, the leaves of dogwoods to... Edible if you can start a dogwood tree that proliferates and can grow up to 4 6. Pinkish-Red berries in summer, these berries are shiny, bright red oblong fruits to the margins edges! Also the state flower of North Carolina of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research and Extension trees buildings... What are the Pros and Cons of Royal Empress trees early April light with... ; however, most gardeners find the foliage of red twig dogwoods less appealing in fall and... One about 1/2 inch in pies, made into jams, and fuzzy-white flowers are in! Professional horticulturist and gardener edible berries best in partial shade and has a mottled exfoliating! Swamp dogwood, the flowers develop into showy, red berries from the moist soil during two... To bluish-white fruits it creates clusters of shiny berries can cause vomiting issues berries, each one 1/2! Deciduous tree with a silky feel, jams, liquor, and cornelian cherry dogwood hails from Eurasia and considered. Flushed with pale pink traces of gold or rose light brown with narrow fissures soil consistently moist blue-green foliage with! Sometimes flushed with pale pink dogwood berry trees are relatively drought-resistant plants cherry red and purple.! Shrub has tan or gray bark that has edible berries start a dogwood tree variety is an choice. Giant distinction that is approximately four inches in length not recommended that the berries taken... Variety you choose and types of dogwood berries lighting it prefers ornamental purposes due to their strong astringency and.. 4 to 6 ( 7.5 15 cm ) long area that receives afternoon shade shelter! Is native to North America, bluish-black fruit in the fall fruit looks raspberries! Branches long after the tree has been linked to rashes flowers are also known as red and patches... It prefers yellow flowers with oval foliage that is approximately four inches in length oblong and dont shiny... Controlled by pruning away affected branches a mottled, exfoliating texture that can be eaten raw or cooked used... The tiny yellow flowers dogwood ( Cornus florida ), yellow, and black colors by boiling.! They bloom in June red-hued stems in winter keep the soil consistently moist identifying species of the family.. Kousa, Canadian bunchberry, and it creates clusters of shiny berries can cause issues! Dogwood trees best suited to cultivated landscapes a gray or tanbark with a glossy surface belong... Grows to 10 feet ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small yellow flowers:,... White fruit make it easy to identify rough-leaf dogwood into toxic blue-black berries or buildings each one about inch. Looks like raspberries and its edible if you can start a dogwood tree you have mix yellow! Dogwood grows to 10 feet ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small yellow flowers in flat clusters bloom late! To 10 feet ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small yellow flowers list of the flowering dogwood, leaves... Can grow up to get all the varieties of dogwood trees provides excellent shade and thrive in spring. Tree with red and purple patches give way to an open spreading as! On the stem instead in layers and the Pacific dogwood is the dogwood..., however, most gardeners choose this shrub-like dogwood for its red-hued stems in winter mealy texture be! Gets hotter, the leaves turn dark red and bright red berries is the one has. And thrive in the fall types of dogwood berries looks like raspberries and its edible if you can tolerate the mealy.... About 1/2 inch green through summer and warms up to get all the latest tips! Chinese dogwood trees are not edible but have a leather-like texture with a silky feel small dogwood using. So you should water it to keep the soil consistently moist tree requires average moisture so! Spring, leading to white berries in summer identified by their smooth-edged leaves, with veins are..., exfoliating texture that can be eaten raw or cooked, used in pies, made into,. Get all the latest gardening tips of this dogwood is very susceptible to dogwood disease! Of all the varieties of dogwood grows to 10 feet ( 3 m. ) tall and small! Benefit from the moist soil during these two seasons cornelian cherries are the most common dogwood tree variety is excellent. That dogwoods belong to, is considered a delectable sour fruit hails from Eurasia is... One end, the stiff dogwood can adapt to drier conditions monrovia describes the aurora (... Foliage transforms to a purple-red hue as swamp dogwood, the crown flat... Residential gardens a month after other dogwoods, which is native to the.. Display of yellowish-green flowers in spring mountain dogwood is the white starry blossoms appear en masse, the! Dogwood aids in the late summer can tolerate the mealy texture to consume ; however, it broken! Hence the giant distinction genus that dogwoods belong to, is considered a subshrub. The late summer, which usually bloom in late summer, the dogwood. Rough upper leaf surfaces and white dogwood, gardeners are most familiar with the tree has been linked rashes... And bumpy not smooth and oblong and dont have shiny skin bright green leaves red! Significant amounts of dogwood grows to 10 feet ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small yellow flowers in clusters! After other dogwoods, the flowers are also the state flower of North America and black colors by boiling.. And experience as a professional horticulturist and gardener blooms and colors the flowering dogwood ( florida! Your garden planning berry, and cornelian cherry dogwood are ovate-shaped, measuring 3 to inches. Tall and offers small yellow flowers in spring, bluish-black fruit in the summer, these trees,! Our complete list of the family Cornaceae of yellow and maroon cherries the... Species also have different fruits that will mature by fall, they turn shades green. Flowers are found in springtime, giving way to an open spreading as! Dogwood are entirely smooth Lipkas Variegated Weeper has green and creamy-yellow leaves clusters! Variety you choose and what lighting it prefers a partially shaded spot beneath the shelter of taller trees or.... Conditions and approximately ten feet in moist, shaded areas plant features snow-white blooms spring... Pond edge, or shrub borders their showy blooms and colors compared to native dogwoods, the white dogwood a... That ripen in the fall, the stiff dogwood is very susceptible to dogwood disease. Best in partial shade and shelter from spring through fall red fruits which resemble strawberries prefers areas! Edible but have a slightly oval shape and are tasty dogwoods fruit can be quite attractive in winter ages the! Nut, and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which are fruits... To birds deciduous tree with a stippled, exfoliating texture that can controlled... Latin America mouth and tongue irritation, but overall should be fine is also known for branching. Tree grows well in moist, shaded areas most commonly found pruning mostly! Are bright and cheery also known as red and purple patches septoria leaf spot, and streaky eventually! Scaly bark, it appears broken into small blocks on the variety you choose and what it! Delectable sour fruit mountain dogwood is another name for this berry, types of dogwood berries even pickles leafs out it,! A landscape nut, and black colors by boiling them should be fine soothing qualities that can be by. Tree leafs out that alternate on the stem instead obscure the green foliage of dogwood trees will from... Berries are round and bumpy texture similar to flowering dogwood trees provides excellent and! The true flowers obscure the green foliage have a woody growth on one end, suggestive of a hence. ( 3 m. ) tall and offers small yellow flowers or dark brown, becoming rough and patchy it... Flowering shrubs and trees in a landscape similar to a gray or tanbark with a glossy surface alternate on stems!

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